A retinal tear occurs when the clear, gel-like substance in the center of the eye (vitreous) shrinks and pulls on the layers of tissue with enough force to cause tissue damage. Retinal detachment occurs when fluid passes through a retinal tear, causing the retina to lift from the layer of tissue underneath.

In macular degeneration, the center of your retina begins to deteriorate. This causes symptoms such as blurred central vision or a blind spot in the center of the visual field. There are two types – wet macular degeneration and dry macular degeneration. Many people will initially experience a dry form, which can progress to a wet form in one or both eyes.

If you have diabetes, the small blood vessels (capillaries) at the back of your eye can be damaged and discharge fluid into and under the retina. This causes the retina to swell, which can cloud or interfere with your vision. Or you may develop new, abnormal capillaries that burst and bleed. It also worsens your eyesight.

The epiretinal membrane is a scar tissue or smooth membrane that looks like a wrinkled layer that sits on top of the retina. This membrane pulls on the retina, which changes your vision. Objects may appear blurry or crooked.

A macular hole is a small defect in the center of the retina at the back of the eye (the macula). A hole can develop from an abnormal pull between the retina and the vitreous, or it may occur after an injury to the eye.

Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited degenerative disease. It slowly affects the retina and causes loss of night and side vision.